Reference and tools for welding professionals

Welding Fabrication

What Are WPS, PQR, and WQTR? A Beginner's Guide

Three documents that often confuse new welders: WPS, PQR, and WQTR. This article explains the difference between them and how they relate.

Ferrite Number (FN) on Stainless Steel material (316L)

What is Ferrite Number (FN) in stainless steel (316L) materials, how is it tested, and what is its relationship to welding?

Complete Guide to Reading and Interpreting WPS for Welders

For a welder or welding inspector, the ability to read and interpret a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is a non-negotiable skill. Think of a WPS as the "recipe" for producing a strong, safe, and code-compliant weld. Just as a chef must follow a recipe to create a perfect dish, a welder must follow a WPS to consistently produce quality welds. Without a solid understanding of WPS, the risks of weld failure, rework, and even workplace accidents increase significantly. This guide will walk you through understanding WPS—from its definition to how to read and interpret it like a true professional.